2nd Year Biology Guess Paper 2025 | Punjab Boards

2nd year students take Biology exam as a serious concern. Are you the same kind of student? We have tried to make your Biology paper preparation easier for final board exam. Here you will find the 2nd year Biology Guess Paper 2025 for Punjab Board in PDF format. You can download them for free or read online on your mobile or computer.

2nd year Biology Guess Paper 2025 for Punjab

Book Name	Biology
Class	12th| second Year
Medium	English
Syllabus	New 2025
Chapters	Model Papers
Book Format	PDF
Total Pages	15

These guess show you important short questions, long questions, and MCQs for all chapters according to the new syllabus for class 12. You don’t have to study the full book. Just prepare the selected questions for smart study and save time for FSc Part 2. This is a smarter and quicker way to pass exams for average students.

The guess papers cover all boards like Lahore Board, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Multan, Rawalpindi, DG Khan, Bahawalpur, Sahiwal, and Sargodha. These 2nd year Biology guess papers 2025 follow the latest syllabus and pairing scheme. You can also download MCQs notes and start your preparation today.

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Biology Paper Important Questions According to New Syllabus – 2025

Chapter 15: Homeostasis

Important Short Questions

1. What are osmoconformers and osmoregulators?
2. Explain heat shock proteins.
3. What is meant by hypertonic and hypotonic environments?
4. What is haemodialysis? Why is it important?
5. How does shivering thermogenesis differ from non-shivering thermogenesis?
6. What is anhydrobiosis? Give example.
7. Define ureotelic and urecotelic organisms.
8. Define endotherms, ectotherms, and heterotherms.
9. What changes happen during renal failure?
10. What is foramen triosium and how is it made?
11. Differentiate between afferent and efferent arterioles.
12. What is the role of heat regulation in mammals?
13. Give adaptations of xerophytes, hydrophytes, and mesophytes.
14. Define hyproxaluria.
15. What is photonasty and thermonasty?
16. What is phototactic movement?
17. Define lithotripsy.
18. Differentiate fibres and sclereides.
19. What is chemotaxis?

Long Questions

1. Explain thermoregulation in mammals.
2. Discuss kidney disorders with their treatments.
3. Describe the excretory role of the liver.
4. How do plants perform excretion?

Chapter 16: Support and Movement

Short Questions

1. What is a synovial joint?
2. Differentiate between bone and cartilage.
3. What is rickets? Give causes and cure.
4. How callus is formed?
5. What is sciatica and its causes?
6. What are tendons and ligaments?
7. What is blastoderm? Name its layers.
8. What are branchialis and branchioradialis?
9. Give difference between hyaline and fibro cartilage.
10. What is hematoma formation?
11. Define secondary growth and its importance.
12. Name unpaired facial bones.
13. Differentiate between effective and recovery strokes.
14. What is endoskeleton?
15. What are the internal factors affecting growth?
16. What is the function of meristems?

Long Question

1. Explain sliding filament model.
2. Describe bone and cartilage as parts of endoskeleton.
3. Write a note on types of joints.
4. Describe axial and appendicular skeleton.
5. What is secondary growth in plants?

Chapter 17: Coordination and Control

Important Short Questions

1. What is reflex arc?
2. Define sensory neuron with a labelled diagram.
3. What is primary induction?
4. What is a hormone? Name types.
5. What are innate behaviours?
6. Explain effects of nicotine on coordination.
7. What is chlorosis?
8. What is Alzheimer’s disease?
9. Differentiate between nerves and ganglia.
10. Define habituation.
11. What is the function of parathyroid and adrenal glands?
12. What is salutatory impulse?

Long Questions

1. Describe human brain with structure and functions.
2. How is nerve impulse generated?
3. Write a note on adrenal glands.
4. Compare nervous systems of hydra and planaria.

Chapter 18: Reproduction

Key Short Questions

1. Define parthenocarpy.
2. What is seed dormancy?
3. Define vernalisation with advantages.
4. Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous.
5. Define asexual and sexual reproduction.
6. What is cloning? Give example.
7. Differentiate between fraternal and identical twins.
8. Define diploid parthenogenesis.
9. What is corpus luteum?
10. What is ovulation?
11. Define menstrual and oestrous cycles.
12. Name STDs with their causative agents.

Long Questions

1. Explain female menstrual cycle.
2. Write a comparison of asexual and sexual reproduction.
3. Describe male reproductive system.
4. What are the functions of placenta during pregnancy?

Chapter 19: Growth and Development

Short Questions

1. What is meant by regeneration? Give one example.
2. Differentiate between growth and development.
3. Define morula and blastula stages in chick development.
4. What do you know about discoidal cleavage?
5. What are the layers of blastoderm?
6. How does cytoplasm help in development?
7. What are the signs of aging?
8. Name internal factors that affect plant growth.
9. What is meristem? Write its types.
10. What is meant by open growth?
11. Differentiate neurula from neurocoel.
12. What is correlation in development?
13. Define epiblast and hypoblast.
14. What is differentiation? Why is it important?
15. Give basic difference between amphibian and chick embryo.
16. How do epical, lateral, and intercalary meristems differ?
17. Define organogenesis.
18. What are two causes of abnormal development?

Long Questions

1. Describe how chick develops step by step.
2. What are the phases of growth in plants?
3. What causes abnormal development? Mention signs too.
4. Explain internal and external growth factors.

Chapter 20: Chromosomes and DNA

Important Short Questions

1. What is mutation? Why does it occur?
2. What are chromosomes and nucleosomes?
3. Differentiate between transcription and translation.
4. What is a karyotype?
5. Define semi-conservative DNA replication.
6. What are Okazaki fragments? How long are they?
7. What is a gene? What is a gene pool?
8. What are the three major types of RNA?
9. What is a point mutation? How is it different from chromosomal aberration?
10. Where does DNA replication start?
11. Define phosphodiester linkage.
12. Explain the term anticodon.
13. What is recombinant DNA and the role of lambda phage?
14. What are sex-limited traits?
15. What is transformation in genetics?

Long Questions

1. Describe the Watson and Crick model of DNA.
2. What makes DNA the hereditary material?
3. Explain types of chromosomes.
4. Discuss Meselson and Stahl’s experiment on DNA.

Chapter 21: Cell Cycle and Division

Short Question Answer

1. Define chiasmata and explain its role.
2. What is the G0 phase?
3. What is mitotic apparatus and what does it do?
4. Explain how interphase is a resting but active stage.
5. What is metastasis and why is it harmful?
6. What is non-disjunction? What problems does it cause?
7. Describe Down’s syndrome – symptoms and cause.
8. What is Turner’s syndrome? Give features.
9. Define cell cycle and its main phases.
10. How does cytokinesis happen in plant and animal cells?
11. Define apoptosis and necrosis. How do they differ?
12. What is the importance of mitosis and meiosis?
13. Define homologous and analogous organs.
14. What is crossing over and when does it happen?
15. How does meiosis differ from mitosis during prophase?

Chapter 22: Genetics and Inheritance

Important Short Questions

1. What is co-dominance and over-dominance?
2. Define gene frequency and gene pool.
3. What is euchromatin?
4. What is MODY?
5. What is totipotency? What are totipotent cells?
6. What is cretinism?
7. What is meant by transformation in genetics?
8. Define allele, gene, and dominance.
9. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
10. What is a true breeding variety?
11. What is Bombay Phenotype and how is it linked to epistasis?
12. Define homozygous and heterozygous.
13. What is genetic drift? What are fixed alleles?
14. Name four animals that are extinct in Pakistan.

Important Long Questions

1. Explain Mendel’s Law of Segregation.
2. What is gene linkage? How does it work?
3. What is epistasis? Describe with the Bombay blood group example.
4. Define incomplete dominance and give one example.

Chapter 23: Biotechnology

Important Short Questions

1. What is biotechnology? Give one use.
2. Define recombinant DNA. How is it made?
3. What are molecular vectors and molecular scissors?
4. Name two requirements for making recombinant DNA.
5. What are transgenic plants? Give one example.
6. What is a genomic library?
7. What are probes? How are they used?
8. Name two goals of the Human Genome Project.
9. Explain ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy.
10. How can we get the gene of interest?

Long Questions

1. Describe the process of making recombinant DNA.
2. What are transgenic organisms? Explain their benefits.
3. Describe applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture.
4. What are gene therapies? Write uses with examples.

Chapter 24: Evolution

Important Short Questions

1. What is artificial selection? How is it different from natural selection?
2. Define population genetics.
3. What are vestigial organs? Give two examples.
4. Name any four extinct animals of Pakistan.
5. Define hydrothermal vents. How do they support life?
6. What is Hardy-Weinberg theorem? Write its formula.
7. Define fossils. How do they prove evolution?
8. What is neo-Darwinism or modern synthesis?
9. Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs.
10. What is endosymbiont hypothesis?
11. What are endangered and threatened species?

Long Questions

1. Explain Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
2. What is evolution? Explain from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
3. Describe how fossils and biogeography support evolution.

Chapter 25: Ecosystem and Ecology

Important Short Questions

1. Define ecosystem, biome, and biosphere.
2. What is predation? Why is it important?
3. Define parasitism and commensalism.
4. Differentiate between habitat and niche.
5. What is food chain and food web?
6. Define renewable and non-renewable resources.
7. What is succession? Differentiate between hydrosere and xerosere.
8. What is primary and secondary succession?
9. Define population and community with examples.
10. What is synecology and autecology?
11. Who are consumers and decomposers?

Important Long Questions

1. Describe the nitrogen cycle.
2. Explain the stages of xerosere succession.
3. Describe how energy flows in a food chain.
4. What are the biotic components of an ecosystem?

Chapter 27: Environmental Biology

Important Shorts

1. What is deforestation and afforestation?
2. What is acid rain? How is it formed?
3. What is solid waste? Why is it harmful?
4. Define greenhouse effect and its impact.
5. What is ozone layer? Why is it important?
6. Give causes and effects of ozone depletion.
7. Name non-renewable energy sources.
8. What causes water pollution?
9. Define air pollution and its effects.
10. What role do trees play in the environment?

Important Long Questions

1. What is deforestation? Describe its causes and effects.
2. Explain ozone depletion and greenhouse effect.
3. Why are forests important? Explain their benefits.
4. Describe causes and effects of air pollution.